精细化护理对小儿哮喘急性发作期治疗的作用

目的了解精细化护理模式对小儿哮喘急性发作期雾化吸入治疗效果。方法将我院2017年2月-2018年8月的60例小儿哮喘急性发作期雾化吸入治疗患儿,随机分组,常规组给予传统护理,精细组开展精细化护理模式。比较两组满意度;小儿哮喘急性发作得到控制的时间、住院的平均时间;护理前后哮喘症状积分、生活质量积分;哮喘急性发作次数。结果精细组的满意度更高,P<0.05。精细组的满意度是100%,常规组的满意度是70%。护理前两组哮喘症状积分、生活质量积分接近,P>0.05;护理后精细组哮喘症状积分、生活质量积分优于常规组,P<0.05。精细组小儿哮喘急性发作得到控制的时间、住院的平均时间优于常规组,P<0.05,精细组小儿哮喘急性发作得到控制的时间、住院的平均时间是(1.21±0.21)d,(5.30±2.24)d。对照组小儿哮喘急性发作得到控制的时间、住院的平均时间是(2.27±0.51)d,(7.89±2.77)d。精细组哮喘急性发作次数更少,P<0.05。精细组哮喘急性发作次数(2.31±0.31)次。对照组哮喘急性发作次数(5.31±0.79)次。结论小儿哮喘急性发作期雾化吸入治疗患儿实施精细化护理模式效果确切。     

热咳散治疗痰热内蕴型哮喘患儿的临床研究

目的:探讨痰热内蕴型哮喘婴幼儿西医常规治疗基础上使用自拟热咳散治疗的临床疗效，为其临床应用提供理论依据。方法:选取2017年3月至2018年9月中山市中医院收治的痰热内蕴型哮喘婴幼儿112例作为研究对象，根据治疗方式的不同分为对照组与观察组，每组56例。对照组采用常规治疗，观察组在对照组基础上加用自配热咳散，比较2组患儿肺功能指标（FEF25%、FEF50%、IgE）；血清生化指标（IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、Cal-3）和C-ACT和MARS-A评分的差异。结果:对照组FEF25%、FEF50%显著低于观察组，对照组IgE含量显著高于观察组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患儿治疗有效率和治疗效果构成差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后观察组IL-6、TNF-α、CRP、Cal-3含量低于对照组，观察组C-ACT评分、MARS-A评分高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:相比于西医常规治疗的治疗手段，在其基础上连用自拟热咳散的治疗效果更佳，患者症状改善时间也相对较短。     

支气管哮喘发作护理路径的实施效果

目的探究支气管哮喘发作护理路径的实施效果。方法选取笔者所在医院2018年4月—2019年4月期间收治的支气管哮喘发作患者72例纳入本次研究,随机分为两组各36例,对照组患者行常规护理,观察组患者行临床路径护理干预,对比两组患者哮喘控制率以及护理满意度。结果在哮喘控制率方面,观察组数据(97.22%)明显高于对照组,P<0.05;观察组护理满意度评分(92.56±5.41)分,显著优于对照组,P<0.05。结论在支气管哮喘发作中运用临床护理路径效果确切,可有效改善患者临床症状及预后,控制哮喘发作情况,提高患者生活质量,在临床上有较高的使用价值。     

Extracellular vesicles and asthma: A review of the literature

Asthma is a chronic, recurrent and incurable allergy‐related respiratory disease characterized by inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and narrowing of the airways. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a universal feature of cellular function and can be detected in different bodily fluids. Recent evidence has shown the possibility of using EVs in understanding the pathogenesis of asthma, including their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Studies have reported that EVs released from key cells involved in asthma can induce priming and activation of other asthma‐associated cells. A literature review was conducted on all current research regarding the role and function of EVs in the pathogenesis of asthma via the PRISMA statement method. An electronic search was performed using EMBASE and PubMed through to November 2018. The EMBASE search returned 76 papers, while the PubMed search returned 211 papers. Following duplicate removal, titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility with a total of 34 studies included in the final qualitative analysis. The review found evidence of association between the presence of EVs and physiological changes characteristic of asthma, suggesting that EVs are involved in the pathogenesis, with the weight of evidence presently favouring deleterious effects of EVs in asthma. Numerous studies highlighted differences in exosomal contents between EVs of healthy and asthmatic individuals, which could be employed as potential diagnostic markers. In some circumstances, EVs were also found to be suppressive to disease, but more often promote inflammation and airway remodelling. In conclusion, EVs hold immense potential in understanding the pathophysiology of asthma, and as diagnostic and therapeutic markers. While more research is needed for definitive conclusions and their application in medical practice, the literature presented in this review should encourage further research and discovery within the field of EVs and asthma.